Visualizing flower epidermal cells is often desirable for investigating the interaction between flowers and their pollinators, in addition to the broader range of ecological interactions in which flowers are involved.
In addition to the threats experienced by other insect pollinators, the honeybee has suffered from the pressures of globalization, leading to the introduction of the Varroa destructor mite and the gut pathogen, Nosema ceranae into western honeybees from Asia.
In addition to the images mentioned above, the article contains a chart which portrays hypothetical thysanopteran seed plant pollinator relationships, indicating the colonization of cycads, angiosperms, and probable ginkgoaleans.
In addition to the proportional insect contribution being re-calculated using revised insect dependence factors, the relative contribution of managed and wild pollinators is also re-calculated.
In addition to the one-predator and two-mutualistic-preys model, there are other three-species models such as tri-trophic food-chain model [31], herbivore-plant-pollinator model [8].
In addition to pollinator preferences, non-pollinator agents of selection can have a major influence on the evolution of flower color polymorphisms, especially when the pigments in question are also expressed in vegetative tissues.
In addition to its pollinators (Pegoscapus mexicanus), F. aurea is exploited by a group of non-pollinating chalcidoid wasps whose larvae develop in its figs.
In addition to insect pollinator treatments, for each crop cohort a series of additional treatments were set up.
In addition to visitation by focal pollinators, focal plant flowers present on each day are visited by background pollinators with probability c b.
In addition to abundance and richness of pollinators, how pollinator synchrony with plants is being modified due to global climate change and urbanization is of interest.
