This PMAF shows a large azimuthal propagation in addition to poleward propagation and then evolves into a polar cap airglow patch, since there is no enhanced intensity inside the white dashed circle in subsequent blue emission snapshots in Fig. 1Bg Bj.
In addition to the propagation errors described above, imperfectness of the forward model can cause systematic errors.
In addition to initiation, propagation, and termination mechanisms, both primary radical termination and inhibition are incorporated into the model.
This complexity can be expected to affect the development of future megathrust earthquakes in addition to rupture propagation during these events.
While poor and limited dispersal by endozoochory can be observed in the field for a few species with megafaunal fruits (e.g., Hymenaea courbaril, Duckeodendron cestroides [100], [101]), it is relatively frequent to record dispersal by gravity, water, scatter-hoarding, or favored by human harvesting, in addition to vegetative propagation [19], [32], [67], [86], [87], [100] [104].
The exceptional seed longevity observed in lotus might have further reduced the number of generations in its evolutionary history in addition to vegetative propagation.
In Pistia stratiotes (Araceae), there are two peaks of sexual reproduction (Junk and Howard-Williams, 1984) in addition to vegetative propagation by runners.
In Asia, lotus has been cultivated as a food crop for its rhizomes and seeds and as an ornamental plant for its magnificent flowers, in addition to its propagation for reasons related to its cultural and religious significance.
