1, 34 This is proposed to be due to thousands of years of exposure to the acellular carbohydrates from cereal agriculture, allowing limited adaptive mechanisms to evolve.
Further, a better understanding of the nature of transmission and the population of 'susceptibles' could also be useful for understanding whether or not there is sufficient selection for such an adaptive response to evolve.
But the interaction between the genome and the environment is also expected to be present in shorter time frames and to be reversible in order to accommodate labile and transient changes in behavioral states in order for flexible adaptive behavior to evolve [ 2, 15].
For adaptive phenotypic plasticity to evolve, there must be variable environments where selection favours different phenotypes, and no phenotype should be beneficial across all environments [reviewed in 5].
Yet the concept of adaptive management continues to evolve, and its record of success remains limited.
Another related difference is that, for adaptive maternal effects to evolve in animals, male dispersal needs to be higher than female dispersal.
The model only predicts, under relatively restrictive conditions (including a fixed dispersal strategy), the potential for environmental adaptive parental effects to evolve.
Understanding how, in nature, complex things are performed in a simple and effective way allows us to mimic nature's insights and develop powerful adaptive systems that able to evolve, thus dealing with the current challenges imposed on manufacturing systems.
Local populations are expected to evolve adaptive differences in response to differing environmental conditions [ 64].
Taken together, we speculate that the loss of mammalian RDS2 might cause an instant functional vacancy, which may drive the less important ROM1 to evolve adaptive changes to fill the vacancy.
In less harsh environments (i.e., environments where consumers experience a lower risk of predation, or environments where resource patches are more abundant) the adaptive consumer population is predicted to evolve so that resources within a patch are depleted to lower densities.
