Sentence examples for adaptive markers from inspiring English sources

These are being rapidly isolated by a variety of techniques (Hoffmann and Willi 2008; Nadeau and Jiggins 2010) including the extent to which putative adaptive markers are differentiated from neutral variation when populations adapted to different conditions are compared (e.g. Hohenlohe et al. 2010; Narum et al. 2010).

To address the unfairness problem we propose simple adaptive markers operating at the network edge, whose marking function adapts to changes of the traffic mix.

To detect potentially adaptive markers, two distinct approaches were used.

The proposed approach can be implemented using a Bandwidth Broker architecture, whereby a centralized Bandwidth Broker sets the control parameter of the adaptive markers, based on the current traffic contracts.

Due to partial correlation between the environmental parameters, the 39 significant correlations involve 27 adaptive markers.

We then used the seven adaptive markers to test for genetic differentiation among the three migratory groups.

It therefore provides a valuable tool to employ this highly polymorphic and adaptive marker in future high-throughput studies of host-parasite co-evolution and ecological speciation in this emerging model organism.

The continued association of Pgi with an array of fitness measures has led to the suggestion that this locus could be used as an adaptive marker in arthropods [ 13].

The consistent association of Pgi polymorphisms with variation in individual performance, coupled with no known duplication events in arthropods, has led to this locus being proposed as a general adaptive marker for conservation genetics in this phylum, akin to MHC in vertebrates [ 13].

In order to estimate genetic diversity of the rhesus macaques in western Sichuan based on the adaptive marker, several genetic diversity parameters such as haplotype diversity (h), nucleotide diversity, expected heterozygosity (He) and allelic richness (A R ) were calculated (Table  2).

Dispersal behavior and ability within the species is still unknown; however the extreme genetic structuring seen at adaptive genetic markers (current study), neutral genetic markers [ 7, 10] and cytogenetic distinctions [ 9, 62] does imply minimal dispersal.