For sufficiently-low accuracy levels, output-based adaptation is shown to be advantageous in terms of degrees of freedom when compared to uniform refinement and to adaptive indicators based on approximation error and the unweighted residual.
Recently, Dutton (2009) has applied the adaptive, honest signaling sexual selection paradigm to the origin of art in people, and proposed that the evolution of the human capacity to produce art evolved through female mate choice for adaptive indicators of male mate quality or condition.
The objective herein was to determine the optimum location, number and orientation of DSLJ inserts within a typical sandwich panel, and thereby to assess the efficacy of two different optimisation approaches to this problem; a parametric optimisation and the Adaptive Indicator-Based Evolutionary Algorithm (IBEA).
Moreover, questions pertaining to absorptive and transformative capacities of resilience were added while adaptive capacity indicators were used as common indicators for both vulnerability and resilience.
The second aim is to identify the optimal implementation scenario of policy measures using potential and adaptive accessibility indicators.
Most of these variables belong to adaptive capacity indicators and include household and demographic characteristics (age, household size, education, and supply of labor).
These plans should include the use of adaptive sustainability indicators that reflect stakeholders concerns, and community interests, allowing a better assessment, management and reporting.
Sensitivity and adaptive capacity indicators were obtained from the National Sixth Census (26), Guangdong Statistical Yearbook (27), and Health Statistics Year book of Guangdong Province (28).
Adaptive capacity (AC) indicators include: IFA (income and consumption per capita), A (availability of labor, ownership of asset, and natural capital (land)), AC (educational status).
Being a common indicator, adaptive capacity, can be taken as a desirable characteristic of a system that minimizes vulnerability while enhances resilience at all levels (Engle, 2011; Frankenberger and Nelson, 2013).
This study aimed to develop a set of adaptive-participative sustainability indicators (SDI) for the assessment, management and reporting of MPAs that include, through the all process, the participation of local stakeholders at every levels, integrating the stakeholders knowledge and perceptions about the SDI meaning and a self-assessment of the SDI state produced also by the stakeholders.
