Delayed plumage maturation (DPM) of young males in sexually dichromatic birds has been explained under the female mimicry hypothesis (FMH) or the subordination signalling hypothesis (SbSH), among other adaptive ideas proposed.
Darwin's comments do not presuppose the action of natural selection as the mechanism by which these adaptive ideas become common in the species; rather, the mechanism of use-inheritance is what explains the preservation of concepts and techniques that are seen to work well.
Specifically, the kappa coefficients for all six key concepts (e.g., variation, heritability, competition, limited resource, differential survival/reproduction, non-adaptive idea) exceeded 0.81, and those for competition, limited resources, and non-adaptive ideas exceeded 0.91.
However, advanced majors do use significantly more non-adaptive ideas in their evolutionary explanations compared to majors.
Table 3 illustrates five correspondence measures (i.e., kappa values, agreement percent, precision, recall, and F1 scores) for the six key concepts (i.e., variation, heritability, differential survival, competition, limited resources, and non-adaptive ideas).
a Average scores of both majors and advanced majors for the CINS, b key concepts in the written ACORNS assessment and interviews c naive ideas used in the ACORNS and interviews, and d Non-adaptive ideas used in the ACORNS and interviews.
This paper proposes an indirect adaptive predictive idea to control the pitch channel dynamics of a launch vehicle.
The Historic Preservation Advisory Committee, which the city established in 1994 to survey historic sites and advise the Planning Board and Board of Adjustment, urged in a report last month that city and school officials preserve all three buildings as schools or for adaptive reuse, an idea that would allow for renovation of their interiors but preserve their exteriors.
Here 'chance' signals a lack of relation or connection to adaptive needs, an idea akin to, but ontologically quite distinct from, the contrast between 'chance' and 'design'design
The panarchy model posits that resilience ebbs and flows at different parts of the adaptive cycle, an idea that is relevant to the timing and scale of effective interventions (e.g., Holling 2001).
