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The pathways of functional diversification and their interrelationships are of fundamental interest from the perspective of understanding adaptive expansion of gene families[2], [29], [30].
This finding indicates a better regional adaptive expansion of capillaries in the subendocardium of female compared to male rats.
An adaptive expansion of plasticity is often described as the initial phase of the Baldwin effect [ 31, 32].
We have discussed CNV as an important evolutionary mechanism, allowing the adaptive expansion of diverse gene families whilst copy number of core "housekeeping" genes are maintained by negative selection.
The current study examined the sex-related differences in hypertrophic response of cardiac myocytes and adaptive expansion of coronary microvessels only at one time point during MI-induced LV remodeling.
If translated, intron-containing mRNAs could produce novel peptides with unknown consequences, ranging from a potentially adaptive expansion of the proteomic repertoire to a deleterious triggering of tumor immunogenicity.
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Since many archaeal species have adapted to extreme environments, we propose that the marked proteomic reduction of primordial archaeal species was probably caused by adaptive expansions of the LUCA into the harsh environments of early Earth.
The influenza virus's changing behavior, acquisition of adaptive mutations, expansion of host range, emerging transmissibility of different strains among humans, and potential for genetic re-assortment raise concerns [1] even in the early stages of an apparently mild pandemic.
This is so-called palindromic duplication, which has recently attracted much attention in the adaptive gene expansion of carcinoma stem cell or fungi, Saccharomyces, genomes [ 18- 20, 38].
Thus, quantitatively, adaptive family expansion appears to fit within the BDIM framework, although these models do not explicitly incorporate the notion of selection.
Our study derived three significant findings from the Chinese alligator immune system, including evolution of alligator-specific genes related to adaptive immunity, expansion of genes related to innate immunity, and expression of antibacterial peptides in the blood, which indicate that Chinese alligator possesses a well-developed immune defense system.
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