Sentence examples for adaptive antibody from inspiring English sources

However, we did not observe a concomitant reduction in natural antibody titers, which was observed in the Galapagos finches and which may be indicative of adaptive antibody immune capacity [58].

While the inflammatory cell-mediated response can be costly in terms of both nutrients required [26] and potential damage inflicted to the organism itself [59], it is not well understood how these costs compare to those required to support the adaptive antibody mediated response, which we did not measure.

The human erythrocyte-based sequestration mechanisms outlined here may accompany adaptive antibody responses to significantly restrict Ad5 infection irrespective of prior Ad5 exposure.

Although this apparent loss of the MHC class II system should have various disadvantages and actually the cods are known to have a poor adaptive antibody response, they do survive and thrive.

Future directions will extend these findings in larger cohorts and also identify the nature of the adaptive (antibody and T cell reactivity) immunologic response against these enteric commensal organisms.

Moreover, PfEMP-1, RIFIN and STEVOR proteins were previously determined as targets of the adaptive antibody-mediated immunity against P. falciparum malaria [6], [46], [47], suggesting exposure of these proteins at the outside of the erythrocyte membrane bilayer, where they are accessible to serum antibodies.

Adaptive immune antibody responses rely primarily on the interaction between T helper cell populations promoting B cell activation, isotype switching, and development of plasma cells producing immunoglobulin, with subsequent pathogen opsonization/viral neutralization [ 1– 3].

The adaptive homosubtypic antibody responses to the antigenic sites of the HA and NA of individual influenza strains can discriminate between influenza subtypes and current seasonal influenza vaccines can boost strain-specific responses with little protection against antigenically drifted or shifted strains.

Animal models and human studies suggest that PFOA toxicity includes systemic suppression of adaptive immunity and antibody production (DeWitt et al. 2012; Grandjean et al. 2012, and the alteration of inflammatory pathways (De Witt et al. 2012).

However, the host environment is hostile to microbes as a result of both innate (for example, fever, phagocytes, complement, and pH changes) and adaptive (for example, antibody and cell-mediated immunity) host defense elements as well as nutrient restriction that is actively mediated by host factors (for example, trace metal and carbon source sequestration).

Desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) immunised with ovalbumin (OVA) showed a clear trade-off between levels of natural antibodies (NAbs; innate immune function) and the production of acquired antibodies (adaptive immune function).