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The added carbohydrate molecules shield immunodominant sites permitting the adapting virus to escape preformed immunity in hosts previously exposed to less glycosylated surface proteins.
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The reviewers agree that this paper advances knowledge on an important topic in pathogen evolution: the extent to which rapidly adapting viruses like influenza have evolved particularly evolvable phenotypes.
Following adaptation in quail through serial lung passages (5 times), the adapted virus gained transmission properties in quail and replication/transmission properties in chickens [24].
Second, transmission could increase the accumulation of respiratory droplet transmission enabling substitutions by concentrating a transmissible virus during excretion from or seeding into a host for example, if the adapted virus has increased tropism for the mammalian upper respiratory tract and therefore concentrated in the nose and throat.
We live in a world where the dose of decolonization is the same drug that is infecting the cells of the world like a new stronger adapted virus a friend of colonization!
mouse adapted virus.
However a well adapted virus would efficiently replicate in these cells.
Mouse adapted virus was found to have increased virulence in mice [19].
More importantly, the adapted virus gained the ability to replicate efficiently in mice when inoculated intranasally.
For the challenge of ferrets, the IND05 FA (ferret adapted) virus was generated by infecting ferrets followed by virus amplification on Vero cells from lung homogenate.
Sequence of portions of E and NS1 genes of the adapted virus was deposited previously at GenBank under the accession number AY927231.
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