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Three different situations are explored: the mutation-selection equilibrium (optimized population) in three different fitness landscapes, the dynamics during adaptation towards a goal structure (adapting population), and the behavior under periodic population bottlenecks (perturbed population).
Our results suggest that interference can severely compromise biological functions in an adapting population, which sets viability limits on adaptive evolution under linkage.
Thus, our model posits that the punctuated and surprisingly slow nature of influenza A/H3N2's antigenic evolution are related features of this largely asexual, adapting population subject to a deleterious mutation load: adaptive evolution requires not only that large antigenic mutants occur, but also that they occur in good genetic backgrounds.
The average distance was determined for each adapting population at every generation, and averaged over the 1000 independent runs.
This means that the optimal mutation rate for an adapting population can be quite different from the optimal mutation rate under conditions that remain constant for a long time.
Coalescent theory of adapting population connects pairwise sequence similarity to Γ.
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This picture of slow evolution, which Eldredge and Gould termed phyletic gradualism, fits well with one of the keystones of evolutionary theory: natural selection, the process responsible for adapting populations to changes in their environments.
Adapting populations may then have been transported elevationally in step with the rising Andean Cordillera [ 92].
Figure 6 is the counterpart for adapting populations of Figure 4.
This work has focused on calculating the rate at which adapting populations cross a valley or plateau, in the absence of any other possible mutational trajectories.
This high contrast reveals the need for proposing an adaptive model to predict the thermal comfort conditions of the adapted population to this "oasis city" of arid climate.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com