Then, we optimize the effect of path loss through adapting the value of the path loss exponent to different environments.
By adapting the value of P′ at each time step based on this information, it should be possible to simultaneously achieve a higher SNR and a lower distortion.
The empirical studies on fifteen static test problems, a dynamic function and a real world engineering problem show that the proposed particle swarm optimization model is quite effective in adapting the value of w in the dynamic and static environments.
The case study adapts the values in Table 1 for constants, coefficients, and correlations from BMC model [27].
By adapting the values of the coefficients l and q of the price function, the PU's slope of the price function can be changed, which helps PU achieve more demands from SUs in each interval of the dynamic spectrum sharing game.
IASPLS can adapt the values of the penalties according to the importance of the variables.
Real-time RT PCR assays were repeated in triplicate and adapted the mean value.
Based on the assumption that such projects are temporary organisations, we have adapted the Competing Values Framework (Quinn, 1988, Quinn and Rohrbaugh, 1983), taken from the literature on organisation management, making it usable for project managers in interdisciplinary research projects.
For MALDI-TOF analysis, we adapted the score values proposed by Sengh et al.: an isolate was considered correctly identified by MALDI-TOF when ≥2/4 spectra had a score ≥1.9 or 4/4 had a score ≥1.2.
To constrain the influx of meteoritic N to the Hadean Ocean we have adapted the meteorite flux values used by Pasek et al [104, 105]: 2 × 105 kg.year-1 (current flux of iron meteorites to Earth; 50% of total meteoritic flux by weight) and meteoritic flux 105-106 thees the present-day value during the Late Heavy Bombardment Period.
