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The protocol was adapted from previous studies53, 54, with modifications as indicated below.
The Morris water maze protocol was adapted from published procedures with minor modifications [ 24].
The synthetic procedure was adapted from the literature with slight modifications [ 24, 25].
Core questions including smoking status of the student and family, SHS exposure at home, and other smoking-related items were adapted from the GYTS with some modifications to suit local needs.
MW's challenging and disruptive behaviours, notably obsessive checking of car suspension by rocking, and wandering, responded to behavioural modification regimes adapted from the neurorehabilitation literature.
The questionnaire for our study was adapted from a validated questionnaire after modification.
The model is illustrated in Fig. 6, which is adapted from [44] with a slight modification: We assume higher weights for selective circuits (here with a periodicity of 100 ms or 10 Hz, see Fig. 6A) to accommodate physiological constraints (here the presence of an individual's dominant α-frequency).
The anti-inflammatory assay of the culture supernatants was adapted from Majlesi [ 27] with modifications and was conducted on THP-1 cells.
Quantification of intestinal bacterial density was adapted from previously described methods with applicable modifications (Oehlers et al., 2011b).
The original questionnaire was developed in the English language in order to maintain consistency with the questions adapted from the references with and without modifications [ 1, 5, 18– 218.
Flies were raised on standard fly food (adapted from https://bdsc.indiana.edu/information/recipes/bloomfood.html with minor modifications).
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