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Rod → cone interactions were restricted to a <1 s time window following the adapt flash.
Observers adjusted the intensity of the bottom test flash ('y-axis'; flash position spatially offset from that of adapt flash) to match their perception of the top test flash (same location as adapt flash).
Nonlinear interactions cause the neural response to the test flash to differ in the presence or absence of the adapt flash.
One possibility is that transmission of the response to the adapt flash depletes the pool of presynaptic vesicles, resulting in a depressed response to the test flash.
We quantified these interactions in our electrophysiology data by using an interaction index, defined as: I I = 1 − R p a i r R s i n g l e, where Rsingle is the integral of the response to the test flash delivered alone and Rpair is the integral of the response to the test flash when preceded by the adapt flash (i.e., the response to the paired flashes minus the response to the adapt flash alone).
This index is 0 if interactions for one and two eye stimuli have identical strengths and 1 if the adapt flash completely suppresses perception of the test flash for one but not two eye stimuli.
To answer this question we asked human observers to match the perceived brightness of two test flashes one at the same location as the adapt flash and the other displaced spatially.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08033.010 The mechanistic hypothesis illustrated in Figure 3B predicts that rod → cone suppression should be maximal when a presynaptic test signal arrives during the peak of the presynaptic hyperpolarizing overshoot associated with the adapt flash response.
Comparing matches from trials in which the adapt flash was located in the same or the opposite eye as the test flashes allowed us to separate interactions that likely originated in the retina (monocular-specific interactions) from those that likely originated in the cortex (binocular interactions; see 'Materials and methods' and Figure 1 figure supplement 3).
When test and adapt flashes were delivered to the same eye, interactions were stronger than when flashes were delivered to separate eyes.
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