Evolution of differing investment in life-history stages is a powerful mechanism of organismal adaptation to ecological challenges [ 1], including the challenges imposed on host populations by ever-evolving pathogens [ 2- 4].
The three-level architecture proposed by Wells and Matthews is applied to understanding individual differences in adaptation to the challenges posed by everyday life events, by demanding tasks, and potential hostility in other people.
The model offers a simple and reliable way to evaluate a company's adaptation to the challenges of the social web, and can be used by strategists and policy makers at the industry or government level as well as to help firms establish strategies for improving their position in the online marketplace.
Religion then -- along with the belief in a moralizing God -- was a cultural adaptation to these challenges.
It has been suggested that the versatility in diet and foraging technique is an adaptation to the challenges presented by typhoons, which can dramatically alter the structure of the forest.
Both in the mouse and in the worm, TMEM135 seems to be critical for enabling adaptation to energy challenges (i.e. cold and fasting stresses).
Especially in light of an observed adaptation to lethal challenges of H2O2 by pretreatment with sublethal concentrations of H2O2 [61], and a reported link between oxidative stress response and survival within macrophages in enterococci [62], [63], [64].
The high frequency release of neuropeptides is in line with the ability to mediate adaptation to homeostatic challenges [ 23].
Given their small genome size (Table 15), this is presumably an adaptation to environmental challenges predominantly affecting this taxa.
Soen, Knafo and Elgart touch upon an important topic of the nature of adaptation to novel challenges.
