Sentence examples for adaptation of virus from inspiring English sources

It is recognised that deletion within the stalk region of the neuraminidase may be an important feature balancing the complementary activities of the HA and NA on adaptation of virus to poultry [30], [31].

Some conventional methods of developing live attenuated vaccines include laboratory adaptation of virus in non-human hosts and random/site-directed mutagenesis [ 56].

We explored several possible causes for this lack of adaptation to the antigen processing machinery, and postulate a mechanism by which the specificity and polymorphism of the MHC prevents the adaptation of viruses to the monomorphic parts of the antigen presentation pathway.

Distinct mutations throughout the viral genomes have been implicated in the adaptation of viruses to a mammalian host (Table 4, Appendix; and Table 5, Appendix).

Furthermore, 2 of the host-to-virus exchanges occurred before the divergence of the CVs (i.e., in ancestral protein families), suggesting that they could have contributed to the early adaptation of viruses to their algal host.

Thus, there is a need for continual monitoring and surveillance of H9N2 viruses in Bangladesh to identify the evolution and incremental adaptation of viruses to humans to be better prepared for potential future outbreaks.

Although these models are potentially useful for predicting interspecies transmission of influenza viruses, there is still a great difficulty in deciphering adaptation of viruses that show mixed signatures of both animal and human hosts.

A comparison between viral and eukaryote proteomes showed no qualitative differences in the epitope distribution between the two groups that would point towards the adaptation of viruses to the human host.

Because the vector competence of Ae. aegypti for DENV is in part genetically determined (reviewed in [ 28]), it has been hypothesized that the structure of DENV populations may partly result from the adaptation of viruses to the local vector genotypes [ 9].

Ferrets develop a productive infection after inoculation with human and avian influenza viruses without prior adaptation of the virus.

However, there was no further adaptation of the virus before the animals cleared the virus.