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For the gBSD based solution, open issues like the granularity of bitstream descriptions and of bitstream adaptation, metadata overhead, metadata packetization and transport options, and error resilience in case of metadata losses, are addressed.
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MPEG-21 DIA aims to standardize various adaptation related metadata including those supporting decision-taking and the constraint specifications.
Toward this purpose, MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) specifying metadata for assisting adaptation has been finalized as part of the MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework [27].
To some extent, this result confirms that the metadata-based adaptation is efficient, because the precomputation saves significant time over parameter selection.
It is important to reach interoperability between IETF approaches for multimedia session management and the MPEG-21 efforts for metadata-driven adaptation, in order to enable personalized multimedia delivery [32].
Metadata-based frameworks enable behavior adaptation through the configuration of custom metadata in application classes.
The central tool is the Adaptation QoS (AQoS) representing the metadata supporting decision-taking.
Besides the quality adaptation, the fan can share the metadata-based mashup with friends like file sharing and annotate it by comment, rating as well as user-generated QoS parameters.
Another mechanism that can be used is description (metadata) driven, coding format independent adaptation based on generic Bitstream Syntax Descriptions (gBSD), as specified within MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA).
Secondly, each homogeneous region can be classified into predefined classes to provide labels that can be used as context for searching metadata or as identifiers for speaker adaptation techniques in speech recognition systems.
The computational efficiency of adaptating can be greatly enhanced if this process could be simplified, in particular by using metadata that conveys precomputed relationships between feasible adaptation parameters and media characteristics obtained by selecting them [26].
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