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This adaptation has led to many authorities maintaining it in its own genus Gymnorhina; however, a genetic study published in 2013 has shown it to be most closely related to the black butcherbird (C. quoyi) rather than an early offshoot from the other butcherbirds.
The phenotypic adaptation has led to highly derived characters that complicate morphological phylogenetic analyses of the position of Notoryctemorphia (Horovitz and Sánchez-Villagra 2003; Asher et al. 2004).
This seemingly insignificant detail – combined with tens of thousands of generations of adaptation – has led to unexpected phenomena that range from the incredible acquisition of aerobic citrate metabolism, to the dependence on citrate as an iron chelator.
Given that evolutionary adaptation has led to finely tuned traits with narrow physiological limits in these organisms, this system provides a unique opportunity to examine physiological trade-offs and limits of adaptive responses to environmental perturbation.
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Concerns over the scalability of TCP's end-to-end approach to congestion control and its AIMD congestion adaptation have led to proposals for router-based congestion control, specifically, active queue management (AQM).
These examples demonstrate the potential effect of convergence on the overall topology, especially when there are several traits that by adaptation have led to appearance similar enough to make their recognition as distinct features hard.
Even seemingly ideal habitats with a stable composition of few dominant species, for example microbial mats [ 21] or invertebrate bacterial symbioses [ 22], can be difficult to assemble when evolutionary micro-niche adaptations have led to large pan-genomes and thus to a low level of population clonality (see e.g. [ 23] for a discussion on sub-species fine-scale evolution and pan-genomes).
Adaptation to a strictly host-adapted lifestyle has led to gene loss and several metabolic pathways, namely those related to amino acid biosynthesis and energy production, have been lost [ 38].
Regardless of the size of the data sets, test case-based adaptation in bat algorithm has led to a drastic increment in performance that BITCP detected 89% of faults.
This, together with the need to make adaptation as reliable as possible has led to the use of as much a-priori knowledge as possible in the design.
The integration and adaptation of the selected models has led to a proposed integrated reference model for dual innovation that is currently being instantiated in the context of an ongoing action research project.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com