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We focus our initial analysis upon the left lateral occipital cortex (left LO)38, as LO is believed to be central to object shape perception and previous work has found that adaptation effects in LO for repeated presentations of different exemplars of the same shape category are most prominent in the left hemisphere39,40.
In the younger children, adaptation in this region seemed to suggest the use of a predominantly featural processing strategy, whereas adaptation effects in the adults exhibited a more strategic pattern that depended on the task.
However, we did not find a relationship between adaptation effects in the bilateral ATLs and left TPJ and corresponding ratings of taxonomic/thematic relationships suggesting that the adaptation effects may potentially not reflect aspects of taxonomy that have been traditionally assumed.
In addition, our results showed two important findings regarding adaptation effects in the different-gender condition.
This method allows identifying the stimulus selectivity and the time course of adaptation effects in certain cortical areas.
This indicates that conscious, but also unconscious incongruent primes in trial n-1 trigger conflict adaptation effects in trial n (irrespective of whether trial n contains a conscious or unconscious prime).
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These results are consistent with the notion of norm-based coding of vocal identity, but they could also arise from neuronal adaptation effects, i.e., reductions in neuronal activity in response to repeated stimulation [ 14], that can in some conditions be mistakenly interpreted as prototype effects [ 13].
Overall, the response reduction was largest and significant when tested with the adapted hue, manifesting a hue-selective adaptation effect, in particular in V1, V2, and V3.
However, it is critical to consider the adaptation effect in the context of the cortical network architecture.
In Experiment 1, we investigated the face-related N170 repeated adaptation effect in a short interstimulus interval (ISI) and found that the N170 response elicited by faces was smaller when preceded by a same face adaptor than by another face adaptor.
The reduced perceptual adaptation effect in younger talkers may be directly related to the relative imprecision in their auditory representation of the sibilant contrast, as indicated by a shallower slope of the /s-∫/ identification function in the present study.
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