Some elements of the Pfizer-IAVI partnership's success reflect factors identified in the literature on capacity building; for example, IAVI's readiness for capacity building, the long-term nature of the partnership which allowed in-depth understanding of needs and time to develop capacity, and the adaptation of capacity building strategies to the specific needs of vaccine research.
Bangladesh is another example where public health receives only a brief mention in its NAPA; a project on awareness-raising of the health effects of climate change, particularly focusing on communicable diseases, although health is mentioned as a sector for mainstreaming climate change adaptation activities and capacity building.
Over the same period (2008 to 2010), different authors have used case studies to describe how complexity and adaptation play a central part in capacity building [ 8– 10].
But these funds should not only cover the costs of adaptation, but also those of mitigation, technology transfer and capacity building actions [20].
But these funds should not only cover the costs of adaptation, but also those of mitigation, technology transfer and capacity building actions [ 20].
It has been suggested attribution could help guard against inappropriate adaptation and guide resource allocation (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2011; Stott et al. 2013), but that it could lead to prioritizing compensation over capacity building (Hulme et al. 2011) or slow adaptation efforts (Surminski and Lopez 2014).
Testing and adaptation of innovations with visible successes create favourable conditions for institutional capacity building [ 1].
Thus although the point at which the projects were no longer reliant on northern inputs was reasonably well defined, constant evolution, adaptation and expansion of projects meant that there was no clear end-point to the capacity building activities.
The early studies in Tiwi were followed by health profiling and chronic disease capacity building programs in many other indigenous health services, with development of screening and treatment protocols, and adaptations into chronic disease programs in other countries [ 24– 28].
In the 'fourth era', adaptation is increasingly governed globally and transnationally, and the attention is turned toward 'softer' forms of governance such as agenda setting, information sharing and capacity building.
