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Secreted proteins from pathogens modify and adapt the host environment for pathogen survival, invoking processes such as helminth immunoregulation [ 20].
When viewing acculturation in a one-dimensional manner, the migrant chooses either to adapt the host culture or to maintain the ethnic culture.
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Many of these new XIs do not confer the ability to grow on D-xylose without first modifying the D-xylose isomerase or adapting the host strain.
The generic safety scheme is now under revision to adapt the design to the host country regulation.
It is hypothesized that during the course of evolution, it might be possible that these Partitiviruses had crossed the species barrier from fungi to vertebrates and got adapted or are adapting to the host they resided.
Thus, some virulence factors may be more appropriately termed "host adaptation" factors, as they allow bacteria to interact with and adapt to the host environment, but do not specifically promote virulence.
In particular, parents and school peers belonging to the same ethnic community may help children to adapt to the host country culture through schooling.
They may have combined genetic information from higher plants, which trigger them to adapt to the host and obtain defense functions such as protection from pathogens, insects, and grazing animals [32, 33].
The microbes, in turn, try to compensate by upregulating expression of genes to adapt to the host microenvironment.
N. meningitidis can adapt to the host environment and escape the immune defenses via phase and antigenic variation of surface components.
Conversely, host adaptation to a specific diet provides gut microbes with the opportunity to evolve and reciprocally adapt to the host gut environment and diet, resulting in host-driven diversification and co-evolution of both species [19], [20].
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