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The results indicate that the new extensive margins estimated using the TEM at the region/AEZ level result in a reduced estimated land requirement for ethanol production by about 25% compared with earlier estimates based on the global ad hoc value of ETA = 0.66.
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The value of λ3 in Eq. (23) is set to the ad hoc value 104.25.
Crucially, unlike conventional optimal control schemes, there is no ad hoc value or loss function guiding action: action minimises the free energy of the system's model.
Since the global distribution of species-specific parameters is not well known, they are normally set at some ad hoc values.
In our application to the model of plasma-leucine kinetics, we try to avoid these issues by providing ad-hoc values to some of the parameters (especially to the variances of the system states).
To overcome the problems of interpreting the real value of K, a range of ad hoc K values were tested and analysed using Evanno plot (Evanno et al. 2005).
It will also be helpful if the authors can comment on how much readers shall read into their results given that they are generated from a model with a single set of ad hoc parameter values.
The most likely number of estimated subpopulations was determined on the basis of the maximum value of the ad hoc parameter ΔK [33] for values of K from one to ten, using the second order rate of change of the likelihood function between successive values of K (Ln P(D)) (SI Figure 1).
The Open Tree of Life project uses a set of ad hoc literal key value pairs in these meta annotation fields to introduce information from curators into the study records.
Subsequently, we determined the most likely number of clusters by estimating the logarithm of the data probability given each number of K (log P(X| K); [ 54]), and on the basis of Δ K values estimated using the ad hoc approach of Evanno et al. [ 56] implemented in Structure Harvester v. 0.6.93 [ 57].
Unbidden, ad hoc bands of home defenders mustered around Britain.
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