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For this, glucose uptake and pyruvate and lactate production by GCs were quantified over an acute time frame and after long-term culture.
Such studies have mainly been performed in the acute time frame due to the inherent limitations of the most sensitive assays available and have generally involved exposures for 1 to 9 days, depending on the assays used.
Similar(56)
Chronic, low dose, in vivo effects of any reagent are often appropriately modeled in vitro, by proportionately higher doses of that same reagent, over more acute time frames.
In general the meningitis was consistent with a sub-acute time frame reflecting a process of a few days to one week in duration.
Both VEGF and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) have dramatically different effects in the acute versus sub-acute time frames following onset of ischaemia.
However, specialty resources are limited and often cannot be provided during the acute care time frame.
Quality of life is measured using the Short Form-36v2 tool (acute 1 week time frame) and the EQ-5D tool as one combined survey.
Out of 250 intubations performed with in the time frame, acute respiratory failure (54.5%) was the most common indication followed by trauma.
They are more likely to experience episodes of acute illness over this time frame.
However, within this short time frame, acute tolerance may be developing to the pharmacological mechanisms by which ethanol stimulates mesocorticolimbic dopamine activity.
The acute (<24 h) effects of smoking in humans, animals and cell cultures have been extensively reviewed some years ago by van der Vaart et al. 5 If we integrate all the available data on acute smoking we are able to construct a hypothetical time frame for acute effects of smoking (figure 1).
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