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"That was the acute effect but now they are suffering from the chronic effects, such as depression, loss of motivation and issues with alcohol".
These findings suggest that PZ-39 may have two modes of action by inhibiting the activity (acute effect) and expression (chronic effect) of ABCG2 and consistent with our observation that PZ-39 is about 3 times better than FTC in drug accumulation assay (acute effect) but ∼7 times more potent in drug sensitization assay (chronic effect).
A similar association was found between HbA1c and hyperfiltration, which indicates not only an acute effect but also an effect of chronically elevated glucose levels on GFR.
It has also been observed that milk and whey appear insulinotropic as an acute effect but that the addition of fermented milk (yogurt) lowered postprandial insulin and glucose as compared with a reference meal alone (17).
The results of the present study clearly show that pioglitazone preserves β-cell mass in diabetic mice not only by promotion of cell differentiation/proliferation and suppression of apoptosis (acute effect) but also by reduction of oxidative stress because of amelioration of the underlying metabolic disorder (chronic effect).
Similar(55)
Fisher and others concluded that banding produced fewer acute effects, but greater suppression of growth compared to surgical castration in 9 and 14 month old bulls [ 23].
The same appears to be true for the psychosocial treatments including CBT. 31 The fact that CBT results in lower relapse rates than discontinued pharmacotherapy not only suggests that CBT has a specific enduring effect that may operate through somewhat different mechanisms than its acute effects, but also confirms its strong position as a first-line treatment of acute depressive disorders.
Specifically, extremes of blood glucose may have an acute effect on function; but we have no data to explore that important effect.
This suggests that the findings are not simply the acute effect of seizures, but may reflect neurodevelopmental factors involved in these epilepsies.
Gastrin (but not G-Gly) had an acute effect following 2h treatment, but both peptides appeared in some way to prime the cells after 20h incubation, so that basal and agonist-stimulated somatostatin release were increased.
The above findings suggest that smoking does not only have an acute effect on airway inflammation, but also a chronic effect that may persist for years after smoking cessation.
Related(20)
dramatic effect but
profound effect but
significant effect but
great effect but
substantial effect but
prominent effect but
strong effect but
immediate effect but
marked effect but
short term effect but
pronounced effect but
acute rejection but
acute sensibility but
acute infection but
acute malnutrition but
acute care but
acute cholecystitis but
acute effectiveness but
acute toxicity but
acute disease but
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com