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The loading rate was set at 0.50 mm/min and controlled through the mechanism of the actuator (i.e., displacement of the actuator head and thus load point on the beam).
Femurs were tested to failure at an actuator head displacement rate of 1°/second.
Testing was accomplished using a servohydraulic testing machine (MTS Test Star, Eden Prairie, MN), a 20-Nm reaction torque cell (Interface, Scottsdale, AZ), at an actuator head displacement rate of 1 degree per second.
For each compression test, the engineering stress was calculated by dividing the load recorded at each data point by the original cross-sectional area of the PU foam cylinder, whilst the engineering strain was calculated by dividing the displacement of the machine actuator head (at each data point) by the original height of the PU foam cylinder [ 19].
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* Dual actuator technology – A head positioning system with two actuators that improves positional accuracy over the data track(s).
Passive damping has the potential to improve the head actuator dynamics.
However, the servo performance is limited mainly by the inherent mechanical resonances of the head actuator.
A finite element model of a full head actuator is established.
Detailed dynamic characteristics of the head actuator assembly have been investigated.
The measured data show that the tracking dynamics of the head actuator can be greatly improved by this passive damper.
In this paper, a practical passive vibration damper is proposed that is very effective for damping the critical vibration modes of the head actuator.
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