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Wojtusch, J. & von Stryk, O. HuMoD - A versatile and open database for the investigation, modeling and simulation of human motion dynamics on actuation level.
Applying the criterion of optimum actuation condition (OAC), target actuation level can be determined to prevent structural failure due to over-actuation.
We consider the case where the real-time measurement of the actuation level is unavailable, and thus PID controller monitoring has to be achieved on the basis of process state measurements.
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The model is able to predict high actuation levels (angles of curvature ≈ 180°) and the bidirectional shape-memory behavior of the device as a function of the thickness, configuration of the layers, and the LCN stretching level.
This simplified model is able to enhance the application of OAC and provide a simple and explicit solution to determine an ideal range of actuation levels for a large scale SMA-composite structure in the design stage.
However, the actuation stress levels are an order of magnitude higher.
Due to the actuation techniques and manufacturing level at that time, these prosthetic hands are generally large, heavy, and provided with very limited number of sensors.
With the development of magnetic nanoparticles, cellular or even receptor level magnetic actuation can be achieved to activate different mechanosensors existing in the cell membrane [25].
The rms level of actuation was selected to be the same for all sources.
In order to sort and move Skittles appropriately, our design calls for several different levels of actuation.
Pursuing the reduction process permits us to design a feedback law extensible to both kinematic and dynamic levels of actuation, enabling the robot to execute finite-time reorientation and repositioning maneuvers while confined to move in corridor-like domains.
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