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For writers, writing for the New Yorker was not only a different experience, and different purpose, but actually imputed different meaning than writing for, say, the Reader's Digest, or the New York Post, or, for that matter, Time.
Authors actually imputed the time-to-event by the time to the first measurement where the marker was below the specific level of interest (e.g. 60 mL/min/1.73 m for GFR), or did not specify how they imputed it.
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The motivation for PMM is that it may be more robust to misspecification of the imputation model and that grossly unrealistic imputed values are avoided, since every imputed value has actually been realised at least once in the dataset.
A limitation of this method though, is that the power gets artificially high and attention must be paid that two third of the data at age 28 is imputed rather than actually collected.
The economic cost for each test/treatment (such as laboratory tests, non-laboratory tests and examinations, and x-ray tests) that each patient actually underwent was then analytically imputed [ 18].
Keep in mind that in the analysis where single imputation has been applied, some of the observed score values, with respect to monotone missingness, are actually missing values that have been imputed.
While many other models are available, in practice, for the small (one day) data sets actually used as support for the imputed data, different models would produce statistically indistinguishable results and, as described above, the exponential decay model is a reasonable choice.
Furthermore, between 3.7% (fruit size) and 7.0% (fruit cracking) of the markers included in the prediction models were actually genotyped in the application families rather than imputed.
L2-PPI scores are imputed in edges whose proteins do not actually interact according to PPI databases, yet who share many interaction partners.
If Eli Ginzberg was right – and often he was – the suspected physician shortage now imputed by critics of the Affordable Care Act may actually drive our health system into more efficient medical practice.
This may present an upward reporting bias (and the associated lack of heterogeneity) or over-estimation of intakes, as imputed portion sizes may have been larger than portions actually consumed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com