Pharmaceutical costs were estimated based on actual expenditures (i.e. how many pills were actually consumed).
The new measure relies on actual expenditures for food, clothing, shelter and utilities plus "a little bit more," as the Census Bureau puts it, for life's other necessities.
Mr. McGreevey's proposal also compared his proposed spending with last year's budget proposal, rather than the actual expenditures, which were far lower.
While the budget was $1 million "on paper," Mr. Abulu said, actual expenditures will likely top out around $500,000 — minuscule by Hollywood standards but enormous for Nollywood.
Putting aside the fact that these items were included in her contract by Madonna aides, the actual expenditures seem trivial in the face of the $3.8 million lost on the school project.
That number includes actual expenditures as well as "opportunity costs," or the value of the time on the Weather Channel that the company has taken for itself during the campaign.
The approach views the actual expenditures and receipts for the coming year as of secondary importance; it assigns primary importance to the influence of the budget on the national economy.
The budget figures released yesterday were part of the board's annual School-Based Budget Reports, which are preliminary estimates of year-end figures based on spending through May 17. Final reports on the year's actual expenditures, which are expected to be closer to $10.8 billion, will be released in January.
The two new studies based their findings on data supplied by the states last year to the federal Department of Education on their applications for stimulus money, as well as on other financial reports that have allowed the scholars to document states' actual expenditures on public schools.
To adequately measure the unaffordability, the actual expenditures should be related to the expenditures required to meet the existential needs of these households.
"This was the first analysis that really got us fairly close to what the actual expenditures would be," says tropical disease specialist Paul de Lay at the U.S. Agency for International Development in Washington, D.C.
