Exact(4)
These collections are actual collaborations, intended to investigate a particular concept or technique.
Future surveys will show whether intended ties become actual collaborations and whether projects bear fruit.
While this variation may reflect differing practices regarding the review of studies using coded or anonymized specimens more generally, our findings indicate that IRBs distinguish between simple biospecimen sharing and actual collaborations between institutions that involve the uses of stored specimens.
For example, in the case of a Swedish medical university both industry funding and co-authorship indicators were shown to provide incomplete results [ 85], and a study of multi-disciplinary research teams in Germany concluded that co-authorships could account for about half of the actual collaborations [ 86].
Similar(56)
Here we use industry involvement measures that are broader than commercialization and indicate actual collaboration, i.e. collaborative research, contract research and consulting.
Part of the selling point is that the actual collaboration platform will be all virtual.
The calling-people-up bit sounds like great fun, but the politics of the actual collaboration sound a bit tricky.
The experience has made me curious and excited about new platforms for storytelling and the possibilities for image making beyond the printed page.The highlight was the actual collaboration with the wonderful team of NYPL Labs.
The density of collaboration (CD) is the ratio of potential collaboration relationships to actual collaboration relationships.
ONA uncovers actual collaboration and influence networks across formal structures in the organization.
However, social artifacts manifest themselves as the actual collaboration structures that the social network analysis reveals.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com