Proteasomal activity was assessed using the Proteasome Activity Fluorometric Assay Kit, (BioVison, CA, USA).
The histone demethylase activity of JMJD2A-C was assessed using the fluorogenic JMJD assay kit (BPS Bioscience, San Diego, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
The threonine protease activity of purified-PfClpQ protein was assessed using fluorogenic-peptide substrate Z-GGL-AMC as described earlier.
The in-vitro inhibition of C2 activity by purified IgGs from mice and cattle was assessed using assays for the hydrolysis of a fluorogenic peptide substrate.
Next, the lysosomal localisation of active caspase-3 was assessed using LysoTracker red to visualize lysosomes in combination with FAM-DEVD-FMK (FLICA; a fluorogenic peptide that binds irreversibly to active caspase-3 and -7, used to visualize their localisation).
Hippocampal Ace activity was assessed with a fluorogenic substrate (Abz-FRK(Dnp -P; Biomol) as Dnp -PBiomol20], asdescribednation of hippocampal glutamic acid decarboxylase (Gad) enzyme activity was performed as detailed previously [ 8].
OmpT activity was assessed by measuring the fluorescent signal generated by the cleavage of a fluorogenic peptide.
The yield of refolded protein was determined by comparative gel densitometry with bovine serum albumin (BSA) standards, and catalytic activity was assessed by cleavage of a fluorogenic peptide substrate (see below).
MMP activity was assessed by Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2 synthetic fluorogenic substrate (Bachem, Weil am Rhein, Germany) in continuous assays [ 34].
Caspase 3 activity was quantified using the fluorogenic substrate Ac-DEVD-AMC, as described in.
Serum TRAP isoenzyme 5b (TRAP 5b) activity was determined using the fluorogenic substrate, naphthol AS-BI phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich).
