Here, we have thus focused on the end part of the WNT-TCF pathway, using a well-established transcriptional reporter assay (Barker & Clevers, 2006) for TCF activity driven by activated, APC-insensitive N-terminal mutant β-CATENIN (N'Δ45 β-CATENIN).
Mouse Mbd5 cDNAs were fused to GAL4 DNA-binding domain (Gal4DBD) and assayed by transient transfection for activation of firefly luciferase activity driven by a GAL4-dependent reporter gene (Fig 8A).
Furthermore, resveratrol dramatically decreased nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) promoter activity, as demonstrated by reduced luciferase activity driven by a NFAT-responsive luciferase reporter transgene.
A 2007 assessment of illicit activity and smuggling networks by the journal International Security concluded that "North Korea possesses sophisticated smuggling capabilities developed from years of transnational criminal activity, driven by economic necessity and justified with ideological veneer".
PDX1 overexpression in Caco-2 cells also results in repression of promoter activity driven by the 0.6 kb FABP1 promoter.
In contrast, BMP2, BMP4, BMP5 or BMP6 did not elicit any significant increase in the luciferase activity driven by Smad3 responsive promoter (Fig. 5D).
The relative promoter expression strength of pSH4 was determined by the ratio of GUS activity driven by pSH4 and 35S promoters.
They concluded that the disturbance dynamo would be an important mechanism for driving the electrodynamic response at dawn and dusk to recurrent geomagnetic activity driven by HSS.
He says we are now in the early stages of a multi-decade upswing in Atlantic hurricane activity driven by cyclical ocean currents.
GUS activity driven by the PzTAC and PzLAZY promoters was detected in mature leaves, leaf axils and vascular tissues of roots.
However, restoration measures are nowadays mainly a reactive, site-by-site activity, driven by a single driver (e.g. fisheries, flood protection) rather than based on strategic planning.
