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Using viral vectors loading luciferase or GFP, the infection activities of virus can be observed in the animal and relevant information of the infected sites can be obtained in real time by FMI.
Rearrangement of host cell cytoskeletal and membrane compartments due to activities of virus particles may lead to conformational changes of the cell, known as cytopathic effect, which is a hallmark of virus infection in tissue culture [ 12, 13].
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ATA was found to compromise the activities of virus-derived and recombinant neuraminidase.
We speculated that if IgY epitopes that bind anti-IgY Abs are not located in the virus-binding sites of the IgY, then anti-IgY Abs would not prevent the binding and/or neutralizing activities of virus-specific IgY.
When we compared the relative activities of viruses at baseline and progression, we observed high activity of phages and herpesvirus in the progressing sites in relation with the baseline samples (Additional file 2: Figure S14).
They have suggested that this effect is possibly attributed to the suppression of the allosteric activity of virus particles during their entry [ 33].
We further tested whether FASL, TRAIL or TNF effector pathways were involved in the cytotoxic activity of virus-activated PBMCs.
Apart from the mere presence of viral genomes, the biological activity of viruses (active replication versus viral latency) and the quantification of the virus load can be evaluated in EMBs solely by molecular biological methods [ 52, 64].
Virologists refer to the activity of viruses as they leap from animal to man as "viral chatter".
Most biochemical and biophysical studies of NS5B have been done with genotype 1b and have disregarded the NS5B polymerase activity of viruses from different genotypes.
Since the dynamics of viral decay and CD4+ T cell depletion are not consistently described by an immune response that results in increased killing of infected cells, we explored the consequences of noncytolytic activity of virus-specific CD8+ T cells.
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