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In fact, Toxoplasma and Leishmania infection increase HIF-1α protein levels as well as HIF-1α-regulated expression of glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters (Spear et al., 2006; Degrossoli et al., 2007), suggesting that these Apicomplexan parasites actively activate host HIF-1α, presumably to favor their survival or growth.
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Finally, FOXP3+ T cells could be used as adoptive therapy to dampen unwanted immune responses, not by actively suppressing activated effector cells, but by passively removing IL2.
These results mainly demonstrate that E. coli cells are able to sense even slight changes in surface nanotopography and to actively respond by activating stress-related pathways.
The reactivity control system for the baseline PB-AHTR uses a novel buoyantly-driven shutdown rod system that can be actively or passively activated during reactor transients.
HMGB1 is actively secreted from activated immune cells such as macrophages and monocytes and is passively released from injured or necrotic cells.
However, HMGB1 and CypA can also be passively released from cells dying by secondary necrosis following apoptosis or actively secreted from activated immune cells or cells dying from pyroptosis.
While repressing target genes in actively proliferating cells, MiRNAs can activate gene expression in non-dividing cells such as neurons [106].
Recent gene expression profiling in DCs have shown that DCs can actively process environmental signals and activate different transcriptional programs in response to distinct stimuli [ 26].
Finally, the fulfillment of a state of kinetochore attachment for all chromosomes must be transmitted, either actively or passively to the cytoplasm to activate the anaphase-promoting machinery.
Recent works have shown promising concept to realize NG-based self-powered gas sensors that are capable of detecting gas environment without the need of external power sources to activate the gas sensors or to actively generate a readout signal.
These data confirm that RBC possess a NOS enzyme that is actively synthesizing NO and activated by effective shear forces.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com