However, previous results from this laboratory [ 2] raise the question of whether shape analysis depends on activation of orientation-selective cells.
Thus, a relatively weak activation of other orientation columns was enough to drive the neuronal network into a new dynamical state characterized by near cessation of oscillations in the spiking responses and shifts toward higher oscillation frequencies in the LFP (Fig. 5).
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells which mediate resistance against pathogens and contribute to the activation and orientation of adaptive immune responses2,3,4.
Beer consumption, as opposed to water consumption, significantly increased both the activation and orientation of An. gambiae.
This does not explain, however, why minimal activation of columns with dissimilar orientation preferences had such a profound impact on the ongoing oscillatory patterns, as shown in Figure 4 A. This is even more intriguing if one considers that the disruption effect was maximal for the orthogonal orientation offset between the components (Fig. 4 B ).
A theoretical model is proposed in which the critical force for slip activation is determined as a function of orientation, based on the possible slip systems of WC.
The roles of membrane proximity and orientation in activation of ZAP70 signaling were explored using synthetic ligands and their binding proteins designed to produce different architectures of membrane-bound complexes composed of ZAP70 fusion proteins.
They accomplish this by being exposed to the extracellular face of the cell membrane after the inactivation of flippases which place them exclusively on the cytosolic side and the activation of scramblases, which scramble the orientation of the phospholipids.
It depends on the intricate interplay between the activation of neural networks, localization and orientation (Wong, 1998) of the source (dipole), and its propagation throughout the brain (Lopes da Silva & van Rotterdam, 1993; Scherg et al., 1999; Flemming et al., 2005).
Mosquito activation and orientation are important parts of the natural host-seeking process of An. gambiae and any increases in these behaviours will facilitate vector-human contacts [23], [24].
Here, we used 22-kHz calls, for which we expected behavioral inhibition, and natural 50-kHz calls, for which we expected activation and orientation towards the source of stimulation.
