These results could be explained by a bystander effect, with regulation (activation and/or repression) of a substantial number of genes at lower absorbed doses with origin in non-irradiated cells.
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is affecting one-third of the world population, and activation of LTBI is a substantial source of new cases of tuberculosis.
T-cell activation induces a substantial increase in the import of glutamine, but not glutamate [ 22].
By dissociating the effect of dyslexia from differences in Chinese and English normal reading, our results reconcile brain activation results with a substantial body of behavioural studies showing commonalities in the cognitive manifestation of dyslexia in Chinese and English populations.
However, the activation, albeit at a lower level, of a substantial fraction of defence-like genes in WT nodules ("exo1" subgroup) raises interesting questions regarding their role during normal nodule development, discussed below in the section on regulator genes.
Different vitamin D analogs may induce a peculiar activation of VDR with substantial different effects on the vascular calcification (VC) and bone remodeling pathways.
These data are indicative of a substantial conformational change at the TM IV/V interface during 5HT2c receptor activation.
It is believed that the KOH activation not only creates a substantial number of micropores but also continues widening them into small mesopores [21, 35, 36].
We had previously shown that STAT3 activation was present in a substantial number of OSA cell lines and primary canine OSA tumor samples and that inhibition of STAT3 using either a small molecule inhibitor or siRNA resulted in death of OSA cells in vitro [ 6].
More direct studies of NF- κB activation revealed that Jurkat cells exposed to rhTRAIL did activate NF- κB. Figure 4 shows a substantial activation of NF- κB, 30 min following addition of rhTRAIL to the cells, although this activation was less pronounced than that caused by treatment with the strong NF- κB activator, TNF- α.
