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Subjects in all experiments rated their subjective sleepiness, activation, motivation and concentration immediately before learning and recognition testing.
Prior to learning and recognition testing, subjects in all experiments rated their subjective sleepiness, activation, motivation and concentration on 5-point Likert-scales with 1 indicating "not at all" and 5 indicating "very much".
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The goal-directed character of apathy corresponds to the goal-directed quality of motivational processes outlined above: Self-regulatory strategies (i.e., decision, activation, and motivation regulation) are needed to effectively implement a goal, in particular in the face of difficulties.
In Experiment IV, caffeine administration after sleep deprivation significantly reduced subjective sleepiness and increased feelings of activation and motivation compared to placebo (P≤0.05; Table 2).
In the end of the learning phase, subjects completed a self-rating questionnaire consisting of 5-point rating scales concerning feelings of activation, tiredness, motivation, attention, concentration and other psychological and physiological characteristics that might exert unspecific effects on cognitive functioning.
So the rate of participation correlates strongly to both, the level of activation and motivation.
Recent studies highlight non-linear developmental changes in the activation of motivation control regions.
Another framework provided by Mittler et al. [ 12] emphasises differentiation of engaged behaviours and activation (the motivation for engaged behaviours).
Furthermore, highlighting the children's views about activation and motivation methods they have or would have enjoyed is a new dimension for discussions in this field.
The primary objective is to examine activation of food motivation centers in the brain before and 8 weeks after depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) administration.
Ratings of subjective feelings of sleepiness, activation, tension, boredom, motivation, and concentration were obtained before and after each session of initial practice and retest.
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