Characterized by a slow and long-lasting excitatory response upon glutamate activation, their existence in a sensory system biologically engineered for speed and precision seems counterintuitive.
The gradual decrease in the activation energy (existence of different slopes in the plots of conductivity) with temperature suggests that the conduction is due to the hopping of the carriers among the localized states.
Although these conditions may still be classified as 'Hebbian LTP', because of the requirement for co-incident presynaptic and postsynaptic activation, the existence of LTP under these conditions would imply that Hebbian-like LTP occurs at finer spatial scales than the more cell-wide form that most current models employ.
Their continuous upregulation despite STAT3 activation suggests the existence of as yet to be identified factors actively inhibiting STAT3 repression of IFN target genes (schematically shown in fig. 6f).
Without assuming the smoothness, monotonicity and boundedness of the activation functions, the existence and global exponential stability of its periodic solutions are investigated.
In summary, the analysis of the poly (I∶C) stimulation in macrophages reveals the involvement of uncharacterized missing intermediary steps prior to TLR3 activation and the existence of a key pathway from TRIF to JNK and p38, but not NF-κB activation.
Recent reports have shown Brk activation and the existence of Brk-dependent pathways in response to EGF, heregulin, and calcium signaling [ 25, 43, 44].
Insertion of most intervening fragments shown a similar effect, but inclusion of the E, F, K or N fragment further reduced Wnt3a-induced activation, suggesting the existence of putative repressor-binding sites in these fragments.
These results indicated that LdUfm1 undergoes enzymatic processing prior to activation and suggested the existence of an Ufm1 processing C-hydrolase activity in L. donovani.
Interestingly, depletion of Gab1 caused an increase in basal Rac1 activity, suggesting the existence of a compensatory mechanism that regulates Rac1 activation.
