In stored cytosols, addition of exogenous dATP did not support full caspase activation evidenced by activity measurement (Fig. 2B C) and only p35 caspase-9 and mainly p24 caspase-3 are generated in such systems (Fig. 7A, right).
Moreover, neutrophil activation (evidenced by elastase-α1-antitrypsin complexes) was strongly correlated with nucleosome levels at admission (P < 0.001, Figure 2), supporting the hypothesis that neutrophils are the source of nucleosomes.
Further, HIV+ displayed evidence of enhanced in vivo platelet activation evidenced by increased sCD40L on a per platelet basis.
As expected, metformin induced AMPK activation, evidenced by elevated Thr172 phosphorylation of AMPKα (Supplementary Fig S2A; Hawley et al, 1996).
Perhaps the most important finding of our study was the correlation between suppression of STAT activation, evidenced by STAT phosphorylation, and later clinical improvement.
As expected, doxorubicin induced p53 activation, evidenced by an increase on p53 levels and its phosphorylation at Ser18 (p-p53) in the nucleus.
Similar quantitative findings on astrocytic NF-κB activation were obtained in the cuprizone model where LAQ treatment also led to a 46%reductionof of astrocytes with NF-κB activation evidenced by nuclear translocation of p65.
Actually, the degree of cellular activation, evidenced by the co-expression of CD38 and HLA-DR on T lymphocytes has been considered an important predictor of disease progression [ 25].
