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As mentioned above, pathogen recognition triggers DC activation and presentation of peptide antigen to naïve T cells, thus expression of surface molecules on DCs specifies the T cell response.
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The activation of MVA is MOI dependent, and there is a window in which DC activation and Ag presentation are optimal for the stimulation of T cells.
This M-hMPV-mediated activation and antigen presentation of APCs may in part explain the marked inflammatory immune response observed in pathology induced by hMPV in patients.
It is possible that allogeneic grafts do trigger a larger number of infiltrating cells during the earliest stages of innate immune activation and antigen presentation.
Several genes involved in macrophage activation and antigen presentation showed up-regulated gene expression at 24 hpi.
Diabetes is known to affect chemotaxis, phagocytosis, activation, and antigen presentation by phagocytes in response to M tuberculosis.
braziliensis infection of DCs inhibits cell activation and antigen presentation while uninfected neighboring DCs are able to upregulate MHCII and costimulatory molecules and induce T cell activation [ 18].
Most DCs have a short lifespan, and upon activation and antigen presentation, they rapidly undergo apoptosis to limit the potency of the immune response that had been elicited.
Interestingly, genes related to hematopoiesis increased in expression during fetal life, but genes related to immune system activation and antigen presentation are strongly induced after birth.
Incubation with AndoSan in MDDC cultures was shown to increase the expression of cell surface markers associated with activation and antigen presentation [ 16, 17].
In addition, the RA synovium contains abundant immature mDCs and pDCs that express cytokines (interleukin (IL -12, IL -12 IL-15, and IL-18), HLandlass II molecules, and costimulatory molecules tHLA are neclassry for T-cell actIIation and antigen presentation [ 9].
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