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As the crosstalk between these two entities is tightly controlled by the release of polypeptide mediators activating signalling pathways through several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), RTK inhibitors have been designed.
ATM, the gene that is mutated in the human disease ataxia-telangiectasia (AT), is important for activating signalling pathways in mammalian cells following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) or oxidative stress where DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are generated [10].
IL-1RII acts as a decoy receptor, binding IL-1α and β without activating signalling (Colotta et al., 1993; Rauschmayr et al., 1997).
It is not yet known whether efficient inhibition of NK-cell activating signalling requires co-localisation of the activating and inhibitory receptors 29.
Furthermore, reactive astrocytes are known to protect cancer cells from chemotherapy by activating signalling pathway related to cell survival (Langley et al, 2009; Lin et al, 2010).
HA also binds to the surface receptors, CD44 and RHAMM, activating signalling pathways that can promote cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion.
Similar(47)
Similar results were obtained for monocytes exposed to activating signals and IL-10.
Moreover, VPA has been shown to mediate neuronal protection by activating signal transduction pathways and by inhibiting proapoptotic factors.
Still others have had a tumor that damaged the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, so the brain no longer sends activating signals to the testes.
mTORC1 negatively regulates autophagy by integrating upstream activating signals emitted by growth factors, amino acids, glucose, and energy through the PI3K/Akt PI3K/Akt0.
Bile acids (BA) act as activating signals of endogenous ligands such as Farnesoid-X receptor (FXR).
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