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This is in line with the recent study from Neumann et al., who have clearly demonstrated that Fas activates in parallel the caspases (8 and 3) and the NF- κB activity and that blocking the caspases did not impair p65 activation.
5-HT activates, in parallel, the cAMP and the phosphoinositide signaling cascade [ 25].
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Zhuang et al. (2014) suggested a division of labor within the left IFG: Cohort size (the number of competitors sharing phonemes from word onset that are activated in parallel) increased neural activity in bilateral BA47, whereas cohort selection (reduction of competitors due to accumulation of acoustic information) focuses in left BA44.
Together, this series of experiments pinpointed a putative 101 bp mutual exclusion element (MEE) (bps −316 to −215) that drives the upsC promoter into mutually exclusive activation; in absence of the MEE promoters escape this restriction and are activated in parallel to endogenous var transcription.
Any confounding effect might be mitigated by grouping together the cells that are activated in parallel (rather than dies) and employing a predetermined correction based on the time from power-up.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is activated in parallel with the motor system during cyclical and effortful imagined actions.
However, disease-resistance pathways may engage more than one NB-LRR protein, and EDS1- and NDR1-dependent pathways can be activated in parallel [5], [6].
Alternatively to such two-stage process, Murphy and Brownell [5] proposed a differentiation theory according to which all category representations would be activated in parallel.
Since hearing the mate's song appears rewarding to female birds, it may be that their brain reward system, and dopaminergic function, may be activated in parallel with the singing male during courtship, in a positive feedback reward loop.
It is important to mention that, in sepsis, many inflammatory pathways are activated in parallel with a reduction in the PI3K/Akt pathway, thus, merely blocking a single component of the inflammatory pathways or inducing the activation of PI3K may be insufficient to arrest the process.
Importantly, Robertson et al. (2004) [21] have demonstrated that improvement of performance in a serial reaction time task (SRTT) where explicit and implicit memory systems are activated in parallel occurs after sleep only when subjects are trained in explicit but not in implicit pre-sleep conditions.
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