The embryo (germ) is first activated by uptake of water, which enables it to produce gibberellin.
This non-canonical form, termed LC3-associated phagocytosis, occurs by formation of typical phagolysosomes and is activated upon uptake of extracellular cells, including apoptotic, necrotic and necroptotic cells.
Immunization of mice with OVA combined with TNF/CHP nanoparticles activated antigen uptake by both NALT and nasal passage DCs, and the nasal passage DCs responded particularly well.
Once the DCs become activated, they uptake and process the therapeutic protein, in this context the antigen (Ag), and present the T-epitope from the Ag for subsequent T-cell activation.
Furthermore, use of the same tools revealed that insulin activated the uptake and phosphorylation of glucose, glycolysis and lactate production, the oxidative branch of the PPP, pyruvate incorporation towards the TCA cycle and increased acetyl-CoA output (which is used for fatty-acid synthesis).
In Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungal pathogens, the transcription factor HapX mediates adaptation to iron limitation and consequently virulence by repressing iron consumption and activating iron uptake.
For both low iron conditions, we observed that HapX, the transcription factor activating iron uptake and repressing iron consumption, is more active than SreA, the transcription factor repressing iron acquisition.
For example, anserine has higher anti-radical capacity than carnosine (Boldyrev et al. 2004), lacks anti-crosslinking activity (Hobart et al. 2004), and activates the uptake of calcium by mammalian mitochondria (Daniel et al. 1992).
Moreover, CD activation occurred after cell exposure to hPrP90-231, sthengthypothesis hypothatis that SH-SY5Y cells actively uptake hPrP90-231 activatevate lysosome-mediated proteolysis, although hPrP90-231 areregates are not hampered by exposure to lysosomal proteolytic activity.
