We found that TALE activators robustly activated reporter genes when their binding sites were located within the promoter region.
Genes in sets 1 and 5 are activated more robustly at late time points in serum cultures.
Many of these genes are globins (both embryonic and definitive) suggesting erythropoiesis is activated more robustly in the presence of serum (See Discussion).
Since Gq/11coupled receptors activate ERK robustly via the Gq/11 pathway, we determined the role of the Gq/11coupled pathway in the GPR54-dependent activation of ERK.
In the absence of Pbs2 or Hog1, however, osmostress activates Kss1 robustly and Fus3 to a lesser degree, induces Kss1/ Fus3-dependent genes, and induces FIG/mating-like polarized cell growth (O'Rourke and Herskowitz 1998, 2004; Pitoniak et al. 2009).
Given that the kinase activity of MEKK1 is required for cell death, JNK is robustly activated by MEKK1, and that prolonged JNK activation has been tied to cell death, it is strongly suggested that JNK activation plays a significant role in MEKK1-dependent apoptosis in response to cytoskeletal disrupting drugs.
Signalling through NMDA receptors can activate the MAPK signalling pathway leading to transcriptional changes [ 54], with one of the most robustly activated genes being the immediate early gene activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (ARC) [ 55].
LPA and S1P robustly activated Erk, but surprisingly both strongly suppressed Akt activation.
In this study, we describe a second level of regulation in animals undergoing learning: even when climbing fibers are robustly activated by performance errors, the ability of that climbing fiber activity to trigger plasticity can be regulated by the state of the cerebellar circuit.
Intact, these proteins display the sophisticated allosteric behavior required for cellular regulation; the protein's output activity is tightly repressed under basal conditions, but can be robustly activated by a specific set of input effector ligands.
