Together, this series of experiments pinpointed a putative 101 bp mutual exclusion element (MEE) (bps −316 to −215) that drives the upsC promoter into mutually exclusive activation; in absence of the MEE promoters escape this restriction and are activated in parallel to endogenous var transcription.
Recently, an interaction has been found between the MAPK and the PTEN pathways, both frequently activated in parallel to promote cutaneous melanoma development (Tsao et al, 2004).
In the terminally differentiated cardiac myocytes where nontoxic concentrations of ouabain cause hypertrophic growth, the two pathways are activated in parallel, but only the PI3K1A PDK Akt pathway seems to be relevant to ouabain-induced hypertrophy.
Zhuang et al. (2014) suggested a division of labor within the left IFG: Cohort size (the number of competitors sharing phonemes from word onset that are activated in parallel) increased neural activity in bilateral BA47, whereas cohort selection (reduction of competitors due to accumulation of acoustic information) focuses in left BA44.
Among the muscle morphological parameters, CSA represents the maximal number of cross-bridges that can be activated in parallel during contraction; therefore, it is directly related to the force-generating capacity of a given muscle (Lieber and Friden 2000).
Since in infection both NLRs and TLRs may be activated in parallel, it was the primary aim of the present study to examine the effects of NOD1 and NOD2 activation, alone and in combination with the TLR4 agonist LPS, on sickness, behavior and cerebral c-Fos expression in order to visualize some of the brain nuclei relevant to sickness.
Alternatively to such two-stage process, Murphy and Brownell [5] proposed a differentiation theory according to which all category representations would be activated in parallel.
It is important to mention that, in sepsis, many inflammatory pathways are activated in parallel with a reduction in the PI3K/Akt pathway, thus, merely blocking a single component of the inflammatory pathways or inducing the activation of PI3K may be insufficient to arrest the process.
In the same experiment another part of the vessel of each type from the same animal was activated in parallel following a similar protocol, although L-NAME and indomethacin were added before the concentration-response determination to Ach, in order to determine the EDH-like part of the response to Ach.
Any confounding effect might be mitigated by grouping together the cells that are activated in parallel (rather than dies) and employing a predetermined correction based on the time from power-up.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is activated in parallel with the motor system during cyclical and effortful imagined actions.
