These phenomena – whether at the cellular or the whole organ level – were inhibited if the addition of FPL followed pre-treatment with the LTCC antagonist nifedipine, suggesting their dependence upon voltage-activated entry of extracellular Ca2+.
Entry of activated dendritic cells or marginal-zone B cells to the white pulp can initiate an adaptive immune response through activation of T cells, which then migrate to the edge of the B-cell follicles and provide help to B cells.
In vivo, however, in various organisms and model systems, the nuclear entry of activated MAPK is not unconditional but rather more stringently controlled.
We have also shown that in response to retinoic acid, mouse embryonic carcinoma and stem cells undergo differentiation to embryonic primitive endoderm cells, and differentiation is accompanied by a reduction in both cell proliferation and nuclear entry of activated MAPK [10].
In the present study, we report changes in the intracellular location of Bcl-2 during the entry of activated T cells into apoptosis following cytokine withdrawal.
The entry of activated lymphocytes, mast cells, and macrophages into the brain parenchyma is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory processes [ 34, 53– 53].
CSF infection may also be amplified by entry of activated infected or target CD4 cells which increase their transit across the endothelial barrier in response to chemokines and other signals (Panel C of Figure 7).
Although the factors involved in organization of cellular to fibrotic crescents have not been fully elucidated, a ruptured Bowman's capsule facilitates the progressive organization of cellular crescents by permitting the entry of activated periglomerular T cells and fibroblasts into Bowman's space [ 19, 20].
The activation of membrane-bound AC by G protein-coupled receptors, such as FSH receptor, may in turn activate CFTR, a cAMP-activated anion channel, allowing for entry of HCO3− and subsequent activation of sAC in other cellular compartments.
This permits entry of Caspase-activated DNAase (CAD) into the nucleus for DNA fragmentation leading to the characteristic ladder of DNA fragments.
Although primarily affecting NFAT activation and as a consequence cytokine production in immune cells, experiments showed that BTPs are capable of blocking store depletion-activated Ca2+ entry into a wide variety of cells at nanomolar to low micromolar concentrations with appreciable selectivity over voltage-gated Ca2+ entry.
