The anterior cluster is mostly activated by cognition, whereas the posterior is mostly activated by interoception, perception and emotion.
As well as showing a spontaneous inverse relationship with the DMN, the attention system is activated during externally-directed cognition and deactivated during internally-directed cognition, whereas the opposite is true of the DMN (Buckner et al., 2008); implying a 'give-and-take' relationship (Raichle, 2009).
Cognitive schemas are activated by incoming information, leading to cognitions (thoughts), emotions and subsequently to behaviour.
In these analyses, we restricted ourselves to studies dealing with "action" or "cognition" activating either of the 2 ensuing networks.
Therefore the nature of the tasks may have prevented sufficient levels of anxiety or OC-specific cognitions to become activated.
In later development, these cognitions may become activated by negative life events and external stressors, resulting in the experience of anxiety.
With respect to nocebo responses, negative expectations of an environmental exposure (or treatment) might only affect health when these cognitions are repeatedly activated [ 73].
This activates abstract cognition and so enhances creative performance".
It is possible that negative bias is activated by unfair proposals, causing negative cognition to be automatically induced.
It has also been reported to be activated in situations when errors in cognition are likely to happen (19) and is linked to hypothalamic and brain stem autonomic nuclei via descending neurological pathways (20).
Neuronal SUMOylation is essential for emotionality and cognition, and this pathway is dramatically activated in post-ischemic neurons, a neuroprotective response to ischemia.
