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T cells are activated by the interaction of the cell surface, multi-subunit T cell receptor (TCR) with an antigen-bound major histocompatibility complex present on an antigen presenting cell [1], [2].
The JAK/STAT pathway is also activated by the interaction of EPO with the EPO-R.
Thus; several transcriptional regulatory genes are activated by the interaction with HBx protein that can eventually lead to HCC.
The canonical WNT pathway is activated by the interaction of Wnt and Frizzled (FZD), leading to the disassembly of Axin-APC-GSK3β complex.
Platelets are activated by the interaction with cancer cells and release several soluble mediators (such as PGE2, TXA2, PDGF, TGF-β and Wnt3a) and MPs/exosomes [ 18, 43].
NOTCH signaling is activated by the interaction of the extracellular domain of NOTCH with one of its ligands, belonging to the delta-like and jagged families.
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Brain regions activated by the negative interaction between word association and word imagery were the bilateral precuneus and right cuneus (Table 2, Fig. 3).
Fgf signaling has previously been shown to be able to be activated by the physical interaction of N-cad and Fgf receptor in vitro [ 39].
It is now well accepted to target the protein ligand of a receptor (e.g., Avastin targets VEGF; Remicade and Humira target TNF α) for the purpose of intervening in the signalling cascade that would otherwise have been activated by the ligand receptor interaction.
Taste is activated by the physical interactions between tastant molecules from the external environment and taste receptors, the latter of which have been decoded in the last decade (Bachmanov and Beauchamp 2007; Yarmolinsky et al. 2009).
The intracellular second messengers that are activated by this interaction are ERK-1 and ERK-2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2) [ 33, 86].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com