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FAK expression is ubiquitous and FAK is activated by numerous integrins, suggesting that FAK activation is common adhesion-dependent signal [ 12- 14].
As a key component in the cellular response to stress, p53 is activated by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic stress signals, including genotoxic damage, oncogene activation, loss of normal cell contacts, and nutrient or oxygen deprivation many of which may be encountered during malignant transformation (Horn and Vousden, 2007).
Both signaling pathways are activated by numerous growth factor receptors and mediate intracellular signals by the consecutive activation of downstream proteins.
Fibroblasts are activated by numerous signals such as mechanical forces imposed during bronchoconstriction, ECM interactions, and hypoxia.
They can be set not to be activated by numerous passes of mine sweepers providing the proper signals, and later destroy their target after the area has been incorrectly determined to be mine-free.
From the perspective of function, one odorant can stimulate several kinds of odorant receptors, meanwhile one single odorant receptors can be activated by numerous different odorants (Sanz et al., 2014).
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ERK, once activated by MEK, has numerous cytosolic and nuclear substrates [14].
The four receptors are activated by binding of numerous ligands, which leads to heterodimerization or homodimerization and subsequent phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in the intracellular region.
JNK is generally activated by cellular stress, however, numerous molecules are able to phosphorylate the enzyme [Table 3].
The effector caspase-3 is activated by caspase-8, which cleaves numerous regulatory and structural proteins resulting in cell apoptosis.
HGF/SF is synthesized as a pro-HGF, and once activated by the HGF activator (HGFA), the complex HGF/SF Met affects numerous normal cellular processes [ 22].
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