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The majority of the bioreductive prodrugs described to date are designed to release a DNA damaging cytotoxin and therefore, once activated, act similarly to conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
Furthermore, in-vivo properties of the activated ACT bubbles are studied by intravital microscopy in a rat model, confirming the postulated behaviour of the concept.
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It is known that p53 activated acts as a transcription factor, inducing expression of p21 which may mediate the initiation of the cell cycle arrest by inhibiting various cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) that contribute cell cycle phase progression.
It also contained the most likely mode of action of each driver (loss-of-function (LoF) and activating (Act)), predicted by a random forest classifier trained on known tumor suppressors and oncogenes [ 14].
Because of a lack of cardiac activity activated clotting times (ACT) were attempted to be maintained at >200 seconds.
When cells are starved of oxygen, and thus hypoxic, numerous cell survival programs are activated that act in concert to resist conventional therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
At 300 K, the trap states are thermally activated and act as recombination centers under illumination, leading to the weak light intensity dependence of photocurrent.
This process leads to up-regulation of adhesion proteins and production of chemokines by the local epithelial cells, which become activated and act as antigen-presenting cells [ 3].
It seems very likely that the γ2dV-containing fragments produced by invasive cancer cells and activated fibroblasts act on surrounding blood vessels.
In addition, due to the oncogenic potential of the reprogramming factors and the reprogramming-induced DNA damage, the critical tumor suppressor pathways such as p53 and ARF are activated to act as the checkpoints that suppress induced pluripotency.
Upon EGF stimulation of carcinoma cells cofilin is mobilized and activated to act locally under the cell membrane leading to a reorganization of actin cytoskeleton resulting in formation of cellular protrusions, such as lamellipodia and invadopodia.
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