Traumatic stressors evoke an alarm response, i.e., activate stages in a genetically prepared biological defence mechanism that thus appears in any culture.
It is also possible that the PG activity at anthesis may be too low to have any significant effect on cells, because the expression level was much lower than that during the abscission activated stage.
Efficient rescue of neural crest/placodal marker expression was also observed when Slug was activated at stage 11, but rescue was much less efficient when Slug was activated at stage 13 (FIG. 2; Table 2).
Notch signaling, which is activated at stage 6/7, induces follicle-cell differentiation and transition from the mitotic cycle to the endocycle in the FE.
This is to be expected since the d-HSCs have not been activated in stage 1 so we are mostly observing the a-HSCs, allowing the one-population model to have a good fit.
In wild-type FMs, AG transcription is activated at stage 3 by WUS and LEAFY (Hong et al., 2003).
Later on, Mef2 proteins interact with the MRFs to cooperatively activate late-stage muscle differentiation genes (Penn et al., 2004).
These expression patterns were consistent with the expression pattern of JcSDP1, which was highly activated at stage S2 (3 WAF).
Notch signaling that regulates cell proliferation in the follicle cells is activated at stage 6, which results in down-regulation of cut and cyclin B, among other Notch target genes, and cessation of mitosis [ 40- 43].
When β-catenin signaling was activated from Stage 30, a time after normal liver specification, the expression of a hepatic marker for1 greatly expanded and was ectopically detected in endodermal regions posterior to the original liver (McLin et al., 2007).
