Exact(6)
This suggests that in colon cancer cells, growth stimuli such as serum upregulate the activity of SphK1 over prolonged periods to activate proliferative and survival signaling through Akt.
IL-6 was shown to activate STAT3, even in the presence of TGF-beta1, and thereby to activate proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways.
For example, it has been shown that mitochondrial ROS produced at complex III can activate proliferative signalling pathways in cancer cells [ 8, 9].
Presumably these compounds activate proliferative and/or inhibit pro-differentiation signaling mechanisms, but the precise mechanisms by which they facilitate somatic cell reprogramming are unclear.
This stimulates, in turn, the production of a wide spectrum of cytokines that activate proliferative, antiapoptotic signalling pathways in MM cells and promote neo-angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.
The latter hypothesis was considered to be a reasonable possibility since IL-6 signaling is known to activate proliferative and survival pathways in target cells, including those mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and the bcl-2 family of apoptotic regulators [ 26- 28].
Similar(54)
EGFR activates proliferative and antiapoptotic signalling pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase/Akt and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [6].
NTHi activates proliferative and antiapoptotic pathways [38, 66] and promotes lung cancer in a Clara cell-targeted mouse model of lung cancer [67].
The precise mechanism of mTORC1 inhibition by TAIII remains to be determined, but it involves growth factor activated proliferative pathways (Figure 4B) and does not involve depletion of energy stores (ATP levels are not affected in cells treated with TAIII or BN108; data not shown).
Intrinsic factors include chronically activated proliferative, invasive, and antiapoptotic signaling pathways.
Once inside the nucleus, β-catenin binds to TCF-4 and transcriptionally activates proliferative (e.g., cyclin D1) genes.
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